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The Dawn of a New Era: Your Complete Guide to the Income Tax Act, 2025

The Income Tax Act, 2025 officially replaces the 64-year-old Income Tax Act, 1961. Designed to modernize India’s direct tax infrastructure, the new legislation condenses over 800 scattered sections into just 536 logically grouped sections, drastically simplifying compliance, reducing litigation, and standardizing digital operations.

1. The "Tax Year" Concept

The confusing dual nomenclature of “Previous Year” (PY) and “Assessment Year” (AY) has been abolished. Moving forward, the financial period in which you earn income and pay taxes is simply called the Tax Year. For example, the current year is strictly Tax Year 2026-27.

2. Tax Regimes and Slabs (Budget 2026)

The New Tax Regime (now under Section 202) remains the default option, featuring highly favorable slabs for the middle class. Income up to ₹4 lakh is tax-free. The slabs are: 5% (₹4L-₹8L), 10% (₹8L-₹12L), 15% (₹12L-₹16L), 20% (₹16L-₹20L), 25% (₹20L-₹24L), and 30% (above ₹24L). Thanks to the enhanced rebate under Section 156 (formerly 87A) and a ₹75,000 standard deduction (now Section 19), salaried individuals earning up to ₹12.75 lakh pay zero tax under the new regime. The Old Tax Regime remains available as an option for those wishing to claim traditional deductions like Section 123 (formerly 80C).

3. Major Boosts for Salaried Employees

The Income Tax Rules, 2026 have completely revamped out-of-date perquisite exemptions. The Children’s Education Allowance is increased to ₹3,000/month per child, Hostel Allowance to ₹9,000/month, and tax-free Meal Vouchers are now capped at ₹200/day. Crucially, the 50% HRA Exemption has been expanded beyond the four original metros to now include Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad

4. Business, TDS, and Capital Gains

Corporate and business compliance is now centralized. All TDS provisions are unified under Section 393, with unified quarterly reporting forms (Form 138 replacing 24Q). For investors, the tax arbitrage on corporate share buybacks is closed buybacks are now taxed directly as Capital Gains in the hands of shareholders. Additionally, Securities Transaction Tax (STT) has been hiked for F&O traders to curb excessive speculation.

25 Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on the Income Tax Act, 2025

Part A: The Basics

1. What is the Income Tax Act, 2025?

It is India’s new overarching direct tax legislation, replacing the 1961 Act. It contains 536 sections and aims to simplify compliance and digitize the tax framework.

It came into force on April 1, 2026.

It replaces the old “Assessment Year” and “Previous Year” concepts. It is simply the financial year (April 1 to March 31) for which you are filing taxes.

No. The sections have been remapped. For example, Section 80C is now Section 123, Section 80D is Section 126, and Section 87A is Section 156.

No. Under the transition rules (Section 536), any proceedings, notices, or appeals relating to periods up to March 31, 2026, will continue under the old 1961 Act.

Part B: Slabs and Regimes

No, Budget 2026 retained the highly beneficial slab structure introduced previously, ranging from 0% (up to ₹4L) to 30% (above ₹24L).

Yes, it is the default option and is now governed under Section 202.

Under the New Tax Regime, you pay zero tax on income up to ₹12.75 lakh (combining the ₹12 lakh Section 156 rebate limit and the ₹75,000 standard deduction).

Yes. You can still choose the Old Tax Regime if you have significant investments, home loan interest, and HRA to claim.

Yes, a standard deduction of ₹75,000 is available for salaried individuals under Section 19.

Part C: Allowances and Perquisites

Yes. It has massively increased from ₹100/month to ₹3,000/month per child.

It has increased from ₹300/month to ₹9,000/month per child.

Yes, meal vouchers up to ₹200 per day are entirely tax-free under the new rules.

Yes! The 50% HRA exemption bracket has been expanded beyond Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata to include Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad, and Ahmedabad.

No. Form 16 has been replaced by the new unified Form 130 for salary TDS certificates. Form 12BB (investment declaration) is replaced by Form 124.

Part D: TDS, TCS, and Business Taxes

All scattered TDS deduction rules have been merged into a single section: Section 393.
Form 24Q (Salary) is replaced by Form 138, and Form 26Q (Non-Salary) is replaced by Form 140.

Under the Liberalised Remittance Scheme (LRS), TCS on education and medical remittances exceeding ₹10 lakh is now a flat 2% (reduced from 5%).

Yes, it has been simplified to a flat 2% rate, removing the old threshold-based multi-rate structure.

The MAT rate has been reduced to 14%. Furthermore, it is now a final tax, meaning no new MAT credit will be accumulated from April 1, 2026.

Part E: Capital Gains, Investments & Compliance

Buybacks are no longer exempt for investors. They are now taxed directly in the hands of the shareholders under Capital Gains.

Yes, STT on Futures is now 0.05%, and STT on Options premiums is 0.15%.

Yes, under the new rules, quoting a PAN for the purchase/sale of a motor vehicle is only required if the transaction value exceeds ₹5,00,000.

No. The portal enforces strict limitation periods. Corrections for periods ranging from FY 2018-19 to FY 2023-24 (Q3) were time-barred as of March 31, 2026.

The old AIS/26AS format has been restructured into Form 168, which provides a highly detailed, PAN-centric view of your entire tax trail on the new unified TRACES portal.

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